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Gray surface to large surroundings

Thermal radiation exchange

Inputs

User-entered effective surface area facing the stated large surroundings.
User-entered gray-surface emissivity from 0 through 1; this screen does not select it.
Absolute surface temperature in kelvins.
Effective large-surroundings absolute temperature in kelvins.

Results

Net radiation from surface

653.38

Net radiative heat flux

544.49

W/m²
Surface emitted radiation

1,055.4

qnet = εσA(Ts⁴ − Tsur⁴); q''net = εσ(Ts⁴ − Tsur⁴)

A first-pass number, not a code check, certification, or approval. Read the method and its limits below. What this is and is not.

Nearby: Sensible heat · Heat-exchanger ΔTlm · Plane-wall conduction · Convection heat rate

Method

Formula, when it applies, and when it does not

Calculate net radiative exchange for a user-defined gray surface facing large isothermal surroundings.

qnet = εσA(Ts⁴ − Tsur⁴); q''net = εσ(Ts⁴ − Tsur⁴)

When

  • Gray diffuse surface
  • Large isothermal surroundings
  • Absolute temperatures
  • User-entered emissivity

Don’t

  • This is gray-surface Stefan–Boltzmann exchange to large isothermal surroundings using user-entered emissivity and absolute temperatures. It excludes finite-surface view factors, enclosure geometry, spectral and directional behavior, participating gases/flames, reflections, solar load, convection, conduction, insulation, and transient temperature response.

Incropera & DeWitt, Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer